Manufacture of glassware



Aug. 4, 1925.

R. M. CORE..

MANUFACTURE OF GLASSWARE I Filed Oct. l2, B22 '5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Aug. 4, 1925.

R. M. com.

MANUFACTURE OF GLASSWARE 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Oct. 12. 1922 IN1/ENTER Patented hun', 4, 1925. l UNlTD STATS rica,

ROBERT M. (XBRL, F MUMEE, OHIO, ASQIGNR T0' ERIE 'LASS C'LIYANY, 0F TOLlBG,

` OHIO, A CBIQEMTIUN 0F DELAWARE.

mautrsac'rnnn or enaeswanie. Application lecl October 12, 1322. `'nirlel No. 593,9'85.

Teelt whom 'it may concern: molten glass past the same and also greatly Be itknown that l, ROBERT M. Coni., a influences the finished surface of the ware. citizen of the United States, and a resident The use of a cold forming means of this of Maumee, in the county of Lucas and State character n'ill impart surface defectsto the of Ohio, have made an Invention Appertainglass and cause it to devitrify and pile up on 60 ing to the Manufacture of Glassware; andl the forming means, thereby changing the l do hereby declare the following to be a shape of the means and of the ware formed. full, clear, and exact description of the inthereby. lt iseven possible to entirely close vention, such as will enable others, skilled in a slot in this way. lt has been found that the art to which it appertains to make and the best results are secured when the flowing 65 use the same, reference being had to the aemeans, or at least the tip portion thereof is companying drawings, and to the charaeapproximately the temperature of the glass ters of reference marked thereon, which where it leaves suoli means. The hotter the form a part of this specification. forming means, however, the more free the This invention relates to the manufacture product will be from surface defects and the 'I0 of glassware and particularly sheet glass more smoothly will the glass iow thereover. whereinV glass in a molten state is passed The shape of the forming means more or over orthrough a formino' or surface finishless controls the ilow of the glass past the ing means to impart the nished shape and forming point and is important in securing surface formation thereto, and has for its correct surface finish of the ware and even 75 particnlar'object the provision of a forming 'distribution of glass' therein. lt lis prefor iinishing means which will produce inarable to use a shaping or forming means ished ware free from surface defects, of even wherein at least the tip or extreme edge portliickness, and at high speedand. will be easy tion thereof is sharp or tapered to a thin i to control and capable of withstanding the edge and is projected in a direction parallel 80 'extreme working conditions to which 1t is to the line of flow of the glass from the subjected: forming means. This prevents one of the' Practice has proven that the material, greatest causes of surface streaks Vand. de-

shape and temperature of the ware forming fects m the inished'ware, as the sharp edge 3U. means are extremely important in the proof the forming means from which the glass e5 duction of perfect glassware of theclass deflows gives no anchorage to stones and forscribedand that a defect in any one of these eign matter in the glass which, on a broad may result in defective ware. surface tip or edge, especially if cold, would In my application Ser. No. 385,391, filed be likely to lodge at the tip and cause a as a continuation of my prior application continuous line or streak in the formed sheet. e0

Ser. No. 272,572, which was filed January The provision of the sharp tip edge project- 29, 1919, a nickel chromium alloy is referred ing in the direction of the flow of the glass to as being valuable for use in connection forming means also prevents the glass crawlwith molten glass working apparatus, as it ma or spreading laterally from the sheet 40 will withstand. for a long period the ceriornnng surface along the edge ofthe form- 95 rosive, erosive and high heat 'action of ing means and also controls the skin tension, y molten glass brought in contact therewith, thereby insuring a true, straight anchorage and also is highly useful as the resistance for the ware as it forms. y element of an electric heater' for direct heat- In order to overcome or counteract the as,.ingcontact with the glass. While this alloy warping tendency of the forming means or ico is preferably usedother materials suitable at least the thlnltip portion thereof when .for the purpose, some of which are alumisubyected to varying temperature conditions niim,iclirom1um and zirconium may be emand to thereby maintain a true forming edge .ploy/ed. APorcelain and other suitable refor the ware, especially in the forming of l5o fraetory materials of a non-metallic nature sheet glass, the forming;- means or at least 105 may also be used, but a metal alloy is preithe tip portion thereof is iliade-of a flexible arable. as it combinesA advantages not present nature and is subjected to a -longitudinal 'in the use of other materials. i pulling stress at its ends sufficient to prevent .The temperature of the forming means the warping action.

materially iny the rate of flow of the In the laccompanying drawings are illusn0 trated a number of typespf forming means and Ait will be understood that the invention can be used in connection with the forming of molten glass into 4continuous ware by drawing the same upward or downward or 'means is disposed in "an electric circuit to form an electric heating element and is under longitudinal tension to prevent warping,

guts of the device being shown in section. igs. 2 to 13 are different cross-sectional views of aforming means `tor 4a flowin l stream of molten glass wherein the forme sheet or ware fiowsdownwardly from the formin or shaping means, and Figs.- 14 to i 21 are 'fer'ent fragmentary `sectional views of forming means for a flowing stream of molten lass 'wherein the formed sheet or ware is rawn from the forming or shaping means at an angle to a vertical.-

Refcrring to Fig. l of the drawings, l designates a furnace or other means constitutin a source of supply for molten glass and aving an outletopenin 2 in a side thereof from which the glass ows over and downward from a discharge lip 3 in the form of a relatively thin sheet a. The construction of the means 1 and the manner of directing the flow of glass tothe discharge or forming lip 3 forms no part of the present invention and need not therefore be described.

The lip or tip member 3 over which the glass flows constitutes the ware forming outer edge portion of the li means of the invention and is composed ci a high heat resisting material, preferably nickel chromium as hereinbefore y stated. This li in the present instance, is of relatively t in forni and is preferably curved in cross-section with its convexed side uppermost so as to change the course of glass flowing thereover from substantially a. liorizontal plane to a vertical plane. The tip or 3 terminates in an edge which is directed in a plane parallel to the planelof movement of the sheet a therefrom. The purpose of providing the lip 3. with a thin outer edge which is pro.

jected in the direction of flow of the glass therefrom is highly important in reventiug the collecting of glass along the. owcr edge of the lip. If the lip terminated in an edge portion which projected laterally from the point of flow of the glass therefrom the molten glass would travel back by capillary `iurnace l or directin ige sheet forming point g Lusen to which subjected, thus maintaining a straight discharge edge so that a sheet a of perfect forni may be formedl from the glass ilowing over the lip. For this purpose the lip plate 3 has a stem 4 projecting iruin each end thereof outwardly trom th les'of the means for the ilowof the molten glass to t and each stem slidingly projects outwar y through a bearing in the outer end of a bracket 5. A tension spring 6 is mounted on each stein 4 without the bearing bracket 5 and has one end-thrust against Qiie bear' and its other end-thrust ist a nut or a. justing member 7 by which ,se tension' of,

the spring may be regulated` It is thus est? dent thata constant ongitudinalftension'o desired strength is exerted on the lipplatc 3, erably more or less exible, iur" its nature, and, resists anytendeucyofjthe which is pre plate to warp.

The lip vplate 3 is intended to heefnd i to a temperature at least as high as thehunn perature of the glass passing thereoverfin order to thereto an to cause the glass to ilow freely 'thereover without causing streaks or imperfections on the lip late. contacting side it the finished sheet. lt is vpreerahle in prac tice to heat ,the -lip plate 3 by passing an electric current therethrough, the material of the plate being suitable for the resistance element of an electric heater, here reveut adherence oi" the glass.

inbeiore stated. Nickel chromium is a very satisfactory metal for this purpose. 8 designates circuit leads from the stems fl.

In the form of thel invention shown in Fig. 2, the glass is shown as iowing from a i151" source of supply over a plate 10 and down1 ward from the thin sharp tip or lipI portion lljhereof which is directed? outward and downward in the direction-ollowfof "tbct" sheet a therefrom. The poitionfgofgtlie plate l0 mayor may notbe as iii-the caseofv the lip p A separate .plate'12 is provided below' the tip ll, being -prefei'ablycurved and being '12W exited `by i separate from the molten glass,'and "inns:- niuch as itis a part of the surfaceiplate 10` it is not placed under lone*itu dinaltension4 "im, 3 in Fig. i.

relatively thin with a sharp lower edge'pon.

tion in contact with' the sheet a shortly after -leaving the tip 11 and projected .inthe dilil attentie rection of movement of the sheet therefrom. The plate l2 in this case is preferably laced undery tension the same as the lip p ate in Fig. 1, but is not intended to be heated,the

intention being to employ such plate to reA tard the gravity action of a thin sheet flowing` from the li 11 or to serve as a final forming means or. the sheetwhere the glass is too hot to form on the tip 11.

Fig.- 3 illustrates a forro of lip especially adapted for thin Vware and intended to be `low to facilitate introduction of'a heating means therein and the outer side of the member from which the sheet a flows is provided a tio: or li` ortion 1.5 which .1, 1

,tapers to a thin or sharp edge and is 'projected in the direction of travel of the formed warel therefrom.

In Fig. the furnace outlet is` provided with an upwardly iand outwardly inclined plate lo over which the glassrlows and the outer end or lip portion 17 of this late is projected outwardly and ,downward y from the furnace structure and terminates in a thin sharp' edgev which is projected in the direction of travelb'of thesheet a therefrom.

lIn this case a gas urner i8 is employed for heating the lip 17, and the .lip is not under glass passing around and down both sides of the barv in laterally spaced film lform and merging inla single sheet a. as the films flow from the lower sharp edge of the bar. In this case the bar 23 is under tension to prevent tendency to warp', and, in the production of a thick sheet, need not be heated,

l whereas in forming'a thin sheet it is preferable to heat the liar.

lollig. 7 the glass liows' in sheet form downwardly from the lip .jportion 25v of a 'furnace outlet v between a pair of spaced gauging strips 26 for surface finishing con tact with the .sheet after it is formed. The strips 26 are/,thin and inclined toward each other, and are under tension to prevent warpin They are' preferably electrically heated y the passage of an eiectric current therethrough. This typeczui be employed with u sheet drawn upward or in any other direcjtionfrom aimolten mass, and its action independento the source of the sheet.

f f"`In` F ig.,8 the sheet c after beinglformed niet* the vsheetby Howing down onto a forming late 30, which is preferably .inclined witl` its lower edge terminating inaV sharp lip that is projected in the direction of How 0I' the sheet a therefrom. The plate 30 may be disposed at various angles and is lpreferably heated, a burner 31 being shown in the -present instance for this purpose, and may be under tension t0 prevent warping.

ln Fig. 10 the lip plate 32 is separate from the surface plate 33 over whichthe`-85 glass flows and which latter is heated only by the glass. The lip plate 32 islpreferably electricallyv--heated, or muy be heated in some other suitablemannera and is under tension, thus insuring a correct `forr'ning temperature for the lip plate and a perfect- 1y true anchorage for the sheet even though the surface plate 33 may be warped and bel below correct forming temperature; The lip plate 32 is of thin form with asharp es outer edge projecting in theI direction of flow of the sheet therefrom. ,f The adjustable gate 34, to regulate the depth of the streamnf glass owing -over the surface#I plate 3, is preferably of a high heat resi st ing material andterminates in ashar lower edge which is turned outwardint e'direction of flow of the glassV thereby-preventing any tendency of the glass to travel up the front side of the gate. The tip por.- tion of the gate is preferably heated to give' a surface finish to the outer side of` t l1e` stream and consequently to the. outer or front side of tnesheet.

In Fig. 1l a finishing element 35 is shown at one side of a formed sheet a for surface finishing contact therewith and is intendedL to be under tension and preferably `consti-l tutes the resistance element of an electric circuit. This element is shown as' having a corrugated portion and a downward pro'- ject'ed `sharp edge lip portion, whichlat.,- ter has contact with the sheet.

In Fig. 12 the molten glass is shown as flowing downward through a'bottom slot formed by two Aopposed members 36, which may be mounted for relative adjustment to vary the width of the opening therebetween and are hollow to facilitate interna-l temperature control of the same. In order to prevent'a portion of the flowing glass from traveling outward along the bottom edges of the members 3G they are provided with d ownwardlyv projecting lip portonsf 37 which terminate in sharpgelgesj projected llS lit)

The lip portions 37 may be heated to the desired sheet forming temperature by some external heating -means, as Ifor instance,"

. wires 38 disposed `:adjacente thereto and constituting the resistance heating element .of

an electric circuit. 4 These wires may be un' der tension.

`v"In Fi .-13`the molten glass ilowsina ,regulate vstream into a it or chamber having a sheet forming ischar e outlet in its bottom .formed by oppose lip plates 4I, which in the present instance, curve inward and downward toward eachother and terminate in sharp edges projected in the direction of .flow of the sheet a therefrom. These plates are preferably under tension to prevent warping and to maintain perfecty true forming edoes, and the plates may be heated electrically or in any other suitable manner. Y

In Fig. 14 the molten glass flows over and is drawn horizontally in sheet form from a plate 43, which is preferably electrically heated and under ytension with its outer edge sharp and projecting in the direction of draw of the glass therefrom.,

In Fig. 15 the lip plate 44 from which thev sheet a is horizontall drawn, projects upward and outward and7 terminates 1n a sharp ed e which is projected in the direction ofVV raw. This plate is under tension and electrically heated and acts as a true edge forrthe forming sheet.

In Fig. 16 the twolip plates'45 have their adjacent edges terminating in sharp outwardly turned lips' and cooperate to-form a slot in the front side of the furnace dis charge outlet through which the sheet a is drawn horizontally; YThe plates are rela- .tively adjustable to vary the width rof theslot and are preferably under tension. The

lates are kept vat the required tem erature" y'contact with the large mass o molten glass b having contact therewith;

In Fig. 17 a lip plate ,46, with. a sharp edge projectingupward and outward in the direction of flow of the glass, acts as a true Y i :of the forming means; that in some cases thelll formlng means is heatedeithe'r electrically 'f edge for the lower surface of the forming sheet and may be heated by a gas burner 47. A, distributing plate 48, preferably electrically heated, is submerged in the outwardly flowing glass above the'plate 46 and:

is employed to guide and control thef'ilowing glass, being especially adapted for the forming of thick sheets from a large mass of glass'. The plate 48 is preferably under ten'sonto prevent .Warpin In Fig. 18 the surface p ate 56 and upper plate'l, the latter forming a depth regulating. gate for the glass stream, are heated by the mass of glass, and the tip plate 52 at the. forward end of the surface plate 50' is preferably heated either electrically or in .departing from the spirit o theclaim' anyother suitable manner and is andartension to i gauging lates 55 are. therefore suitably po sitioned or such purpdse. These plates ter- 7l 'minate in sharp edges` rejected 1n the, di-

rection of movement o the sheet vand are*V under tension and intended to be heated. Y In Fig. 20 the discharge outlet is yforme ment of the sheet, and the heatin `ofthe same permits the glass to pass freely; theref over without marring the same, w i

contact with the cooling cylinder 57, is surface finished b 'an' electrically heated ten-A sion rod 58. T e glassmassvbefore reaching 'y i the lip plate 56'passes over ha surface platefgl 59 which is temperature` controlled by means'v in a subjacent chamber 60. 1` A( In Fig. 21 the molten glass passes over` a surface plate 61 .by whlch it is g'iven'faI over the' lob preliminary shape before passin lip portion 62 of the plate, whic latter disposed below the body portion 61 of the plate and terminates in a thin sharp edge projecting in the direction of movementl off.; the sheet.y The lip portion of the plate ifs'yllY heated by a burner'63.- J

j It is evident thatin each .olfthe forms shown, with the exception of Fig. 8,v the glass while movin tion has contact wit face finishing means, which is provi a thin or sharp edge projecting in the direction of travel 'of the glass therefrom,-thus preventing the glass accumulating at the tip in a formative Veondia ware forming or 'otherwise t impart the proper formm or ware finishing temperature thereto, an f i,

in some cases the formingrmeans" is "of, a;

prevent lwarping and thereby maintain a true ed e for'correct forming of the ware.A

It will be understood that 'while I yhav shown a number of "embodiments of the' in vention, others may `be ,em loyed `vir-ithii Having thus described myinventiomy a I claim as new, and desire to secure lay-"Iaetev ters Patent, is,- 'i

1. The method of formingglass Fig. 7 except that desired. 'The e5 lip late 56 terminates in a sharp edge, j whic` is projected .in the directionV of move# upperA surface of the `sheet, after leaving or sur- 1110 ed with menti o .,.plate to prevent warping.

means forming 22. In an apparatuspor" the class described, a discharge slot for molten lass and havingforming lips terminating' 1n sharp edges projected in the direction of` movement of the formed glass from the slot.

23. In an apparatus of the class described, means fcrmingqa discharge slot for molten glass and hayin thin heated forming lips terminating-1n s arp edges projected-in the direction of movement of the formed glass xfrom the slot. I

y 24. In an Aapparatus of the class described, means crmin Vglass and having forming lips terminatin in sharp edges projected in the direction o monument of the formed glass from the slot and means for exerting a longitudinal stretching tension on the'forming lips to prevent warping.

25. In an apparatus of the class described,

a pairfof opposed thin plate members forming a slot through which lass passes in surface Contact therewith, t e outer edge portions of @gg plates being in side contact 50,. means for placing said .plates under longi-4 With the glass arid terminating in sharp edges rojected in the direction of movement o the glass.

26.' In an apparatus of the class described,

a pair of opposed thin'plate members forming a slot throu h which glass passes in surface contact t erewith, the outer edge "portions of the plates being in forming or shaping side contact with the glass and terniinatingin .sharp edges projected in the direction of movement of the glass, and

tudinalstretching tension toprevent warpmg.

27.. In' an apparatus of the class described, a pair 4of opposed thin plate members forming a .slot through whichglass passes in a formative condition in surface contact thereafith, the outer edge' portions of the lates being inside contact with the glass'an terinitiating in sharp edges projected. in theidirection'of movement of the glass, said plates forming the resistance element of an electric' circuit.

T28. vIn an apparatus bt' the class described, .f

"er-[pair crop sedthin plate members .forminggafslotrtlioughpwhich glass p in e In ah apparatus of the class described,

a v'discharge slot for moltenv 30. In an apparatus of the class described,-` means over which molten glass 'flows to a sheet; forming point, andsfja heated' sheet forming means capable of movementsrelativeto the first means and terminatin in a sharp outer edge portion from whic g ass, and

the

sheet flows and which is pro'ected in the direction of movement of the t, and means for applying tension to tlit'formin'g means to prevent warping.

31. In an apparatus for formingl sheet glass wherein a stream of molten glass-Hows past a sheet forming point, a means contactmg with the glass substantlally' at such point and having a sha the glasslflows in s eet form projected' in the direction of 'movement' of the glass.

edge portion from whichy 32. In an apparatus fo'r. forming sheet glass wherein a stream of molten glass Hows past a sheet forming ber contacting witht el glass substantially at such point and'having a sharp edge rtion frmwhich the glass flows in sheet orm projected in the direction ofmovement of the sheet,'and means for applying longitudinal tension to-theimember toV prevent warping.

33; In an apparatus for forming sheet glass wherein a stmam ofl molten glass flows' past a sheet forming point, a means con ing with the-glass substantially at such point" and having a sharp edge portion from which the glass flows 1n sheet form projected in the direction of movement of the glass," and int, a flexible mmmeans for heating the first means to l. tcmperature at least as high as that of the glam contacting therewith.

34. In an apparatus for forming sheet glass wherein a stream of molten lass flow! past a. sheet fomin point, a ex'xble member contacting with 51 such point and having a sha portion from which the glass Hows ln's eet form projected in the direction4 ,of movement of the sheet, means for applying longitudinal tension to the member'to prevent warping, and means for heating the member to a temperature at least as high as that vofthe glam contacting therewith. r

,35. Intan' ap aratus of the claas described, a chromium o memberd in contact with moving glass whi e in a formative condition,

e glass substantially et'.

lll'.

Leeaeee i glass and in Contact therewith.

36. in an apparatus of the class described.

a iiexihie member of cimiiriiuiil iioy in colitact with moving glass White in a formative condition, the member having a sharp tip portion projected iii the direction of movemerit of the ghise and in Contact therewith, and means for applying iongitudinai tension to the member to maintain a true forming edge. Y

37 in an apparatus of the class described, a chromium ailoy member forming the resistance element of an electric circuit and iii Contact with -moviiig glass while in a formi tive condition` the, member having a sharp tip 'projected in the direction of movement of the lass and in Contact therewith..

38. n an apparatus ot the class described,

ra thin, iiexihie member of chromium aiioy in formative Contact With moving glass while the latter 1s in a formative condition the member forming the resista-nce heating' eiement oi" an eiectric circuit and having e sharp tip portion projecting iii the direction of mo'eement of the glass and from which the passes? and means fo" piacing the member under ioiigitudiiiei teii .n to ii'iaii'itain a true forming edge. v

:in an apparatus oit" the class described, a thin chromium aiioy .member in formative Contact Awith moving giase while the latter is in a formative condition, and means exert-` ing a centiiiuai ioiigitiidinei tension on the member to prevent warping.

40. liti an apparatus for 'forming eheet glass, means to heid a supply of glass from -which the glass sheet is formed, a chromium alloy member in contact with the glass whiie in a-ormative condition and While moving from said means, said member terminating in a thin portion having a sharp edge projected in the direction of movement of the glass and from which edge the glass passes.

in testimony whereof, heve hereunto eigned my name to this speciication.

ROBERT M. CRL.- 

